電梯的分類方式

Classification of elevators

電梯是指動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)，利用沿剛性導(dǎo)軌運(yùn)行的箱體或者沿固定線路運(yùn)行的梯級(jí)（踏步），進(jìn)行升降或者平行運(yùn)送人、貨物的機(jī)電設(shè)備，包括載人（貨）電梯、自動(dòng)扶梯、自動(dòng)人行道等。那么電梯的分類方式有哪些？貴州電梯廠家為您詳細(xì)介紹一下。

Elevator refers to the power drive, the use of rigid box running box or along the fixed line running step (step), to lift or parallel transport of human and cargo mechanical and electrical equipment, including manned (cargo) elevator, escalator, automatic sidewalk and so on. So what are the classifications of elevators? Guizhou elevator manufacturers give you a detailed introduction.

電梯作為一種通用垂直運(yùn)輸機(jī)械，被廣泛用于不同的場(chǎng)合，其控制、拖動(dòng)、驅(qū)動(dòng)方式也多種多樣，因此電梯的分類方法也有下列幾種。

As a general vertical transport machinery, elevators are widely used in different occasions. Their control, drag and drive modes are varied. Therefore, there are several classifications of elevators.

一、普通分類

One, general classification

1. 乘客電梯。

1. passenger elevator.

2. 載貨電梯。

2. cargo elevator.

３.客貨兩用電梯。

3. passenger and freight dual use elevator.

3. 病床電梯。

3. sickbed elevator.

５.雜物電梯。

5. clutter elevator.

這是一種常用的分類方法，但由于電梯有一定的通用性，所以按用途分類在使用中用得較多。但實(shí)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不很明確。其他特種用途的電梯還有汽車電梯，船舶電梯等。

This is a common classification method, but because the elevator has a certain generality, so the use of classification is more used in the use. But the actual standard is not very clear. Other special use elevators also have car elevators, ship elevators and so on.

二、按速度分類

Two. Classification by speed

電梯的額定運(yùn)行速度正在逐步提高，因此按速度分類的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正待頒布。目前的習(xí)慣劃分為：

The rated operating speed of the elevator is gradually increasing, so the national standard which is classified according to speed is being issued. The current habits are divided into:

１.低速電梯

1. low speed elevator

這種電梯額定速度≤０.７５ｍ／ｓ。

This elevator rated speed of more than 0.75m / s.

２．中速電梯

2. medium speed elevator

這種電梯額定速度≥１ｍ／ｓ～２.５ｍ／ｓ。

This elevator rated speed is greater than or equal to 1m / S ~ 2.5m / s.

３．高速電梯

3. high speed elevator

這種電梯額定速度＞２.５ｍ／ｓ～４ｍ／ｓ。

The rated speed of this kind of elevator is > 2.5m / S ~ 4m / S.

４．超高速電梯

4. super high speed elevator

這種電梯額定速度＞４ｍ／ｓ。

The rated speed of this kind of elevator is > 4m / S.

三、按拖動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)類型分類

Three. Classification according to the type of dragging motor

１.交流電梯

1. AC elevator

采用交流電動(dòng)機(jī)拖動(dòng)的電梯。其中又可分為單、雙速拖動(dòng)，采用改變電動(dòng)機(jī)極對(duì)數(shù)的方法調(diào)速。調(diào)壓拖動(dòng)，通過改變電動(dòng)機(jī)電源電壓的方法調(diào)速。調(diào)頻調(diào)壓拖動(dòng)，采取同時(shí)改變電動(dòng)機(jī)電源電壓和頻率的方法調(diào)速。

An elevator with AC motor dragging. It can also be divided into single and double speed dragging, using the method of changing the pole logarithm of the motor to adjust speed. Adjust the voltage and drag by changing the power supply voltage of the motor. FM voltage regulation and drag, and change the power supply voltage and frequency of the motor at the same time.

２.直流電梯

2. direct current elevator

這是一種采用直流電動(dòng)機(jī)拖動(dòng)的電梯。由于其調(diào)速方便，加減速特性好，曾被廣泛采用隨著電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展，直流拖動(dòng)正被節(jié)省能源的交流調(diào)速拖動(dòng)代替。

This is a kind of elevator which is dragged by a DC motor. Because of its convenient speed regulation and good acceleration and deceleration characteristics, it has been widely used. With the development of electronic technology, DC drive is being replaced by AC speed regulation drive with energy saving.

四、按驅(qū)動(dòng)方式分類

Four. Classification by drive

１.鋼絲繩驅(qū)動(dòng)式電梯

1. wire rope driven elevator

它可分成兩種不同的型式，一種是被廣泛采用的摩擦曳引式。另一種是卷筒強(qiáng)制式。前一種安全性和可靠性都較好，后一種的缺點(diǎn)較多，已很少采用。

It can be divided into two different types, one is widely used in friction traction. The other is the drum force. The former is safe and reliable, and the latter has many shortcomings and has been rarely used.

２.液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)式電梯

2 hydraulic drive type elevator

這種驅(qū)動(dòng)式電梯歷史較長，它可分為柱塞直頂式和柱塞側(cè)置式。優(yōu)點(diǎn)是機(jī)房設(shè)置部位較為靈活，運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)，采用直頂式時(shí)不用轎廂安全鉗及底坑地面的強(qiáng)度可大大減小，頂層高度限制較寬。但其工作高度受柱塞長度限制，運(yùn)行高度較低。在采用液壓油作為工作介質(zhì)時(shí)，還須充分考慮防火安全的要求。

This type of driving elevator has a long history, and it can be divided into plunger straight top and plunger side placement. The advantage is that the location of the engine room is flexible and stable. When using the straight top type, the strength of the car safety clamp and the bottom pit can be greatly reduced, and the height of the top floor is limited. But the work height is limited by the length of the plunger, and the running height is low. When the hydraulic oil is used as the working medium, the requirements of fire safety must be taken into full consideration.

３.齒輪齒條驅(qū)動(dòng)式電梯

3. gear and rack driven elevator

它通過兩對(duì)齒輪齒條的嚙合來運(yùn)行；運(yùn)行振動(dòng)、噪聲較大。這種型式一般不需設(shè)置機(jī)房，由轎廂自備動(dòng)力機(jī)構(gòu)，控制簡單，適用于流動(dòng)性較大的建筑工地。目前已劃入建筑升降機(jī)類。

It runs through the meshing of two pairs of gear and rack; it operates in vibration and noise. In general, it does not need to set up the machine room. It is equipped with a car's own power mechanism. It is easy to control and is suitable for the construction site with large fluidity. At present, it has been classified as building elevator.

４.鏈條鏈輪驅(qū)動(dòng)式電梯

4. chain sprocket driven elevator

這是一種強(qiáng)制驅(qū)動(dòng)型式，因鏈條自重較大，所以提升高度不能過高，運(yùn)行速度也因鏈條鏈輪傳動(dòng)性能局限而較低。但它在用于企業(yè)升降物料的作業(yè)中，有著傳動(dòng)可靠，維護(hù)方便，堅(jiān)固耐用的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

This is a type of forced driving. Because the weight of the chain is large, the lifting height can not be too high, and the running speed is also limited due to the limited performance of the chain sprocket transmission. But it has the advantages of reliable transmission, convenient maintenance and durable and durable in the operation of the lifting material for enterprises.

其他驅(qū)動(dòng)方式還有氣壓式，直線電機(jī)直接驅(qū)動(dòng)，螺旋驅(qū)動(dòng)等。

Other driving modes are air pressure, direct drive of linear motor, spiral drive and so on.

五、按控制方式分類

Five. Classification by control

目前貴州電梯技術(shù)的發(fā)展使電梯控制日趨完善，操作趨于簡單，功能趨于多樣，控制方式正向廣泛應(yīng)用微電子新技術(shù)的方向發(fā)展。目前常見的控制方式有：微機(jī)集選控制（按鈕操縱）；門微機(jī)并聯(lián)、梯群控制（按鈕操縱）；繼電器信號(hào)控制和手柄控制（手柄或按鈕操縱）。

At present, the development of Guizhou elevator technology makes elevator control more and more perfect. Operation tends to be simple and function tends to be diverse. Control mode is developing widely in the direction of new technology of microelectronics. At present, the common control methods are microcomputer centralized control (button operation), gate microcomputer parallel connection, ladder group control (button operation), relay signal control and handle control (handle or button operation).